Mitral Regurgitation
The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, helping blood flow in one direction. In mitral regurgitation, this valve does not close completely, allowing blood to leak backward with each heartbeat. This backflow forces the heart to work harder to maintain normal circulation and can reduce the efficiency of the heart over time. The severity of leakage varies between individuals and can develop gradually. Recognising the condition early allows monitoring and timely intervention to prevent long-term heart problems.
Why does it happen?
Mitral regurgitation can arise for several reasons. Age-related wear and tear may weaken the valve, while structural problems present from birth can increase the likelihood of leakage. It may also occur after a heart attack, which can damage the valve or its supporting structures. Infections affecting the heart, such as endocarditis, can further compromise valve function. Each of these factors can gradually lead to leakage, placing additional strain on the heart if left untreated.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms often develop gradually, and mild cases may go unnoticed for years. As the leakage becomes more pronounced, the heart must work harder to maintain circulation, leading to a range of symptoms. Common signs include:
- Shortness of breath, especially on exertion.
- Fatigue or reduced exercise tolerance.
- Swelling of the ankles or legs.
- Irregular or fast heartbeat (palpitations)
Early recognition of these symptoms is important to prevent heart enlargement and long-term complications.
Why is it important?
If mitral regurgitation is left untreated, the constant backflow of blood can gradually enlarge the heart, particularly the left atrium and ventricle. Over time, this can weaken the heart muscle, reduce its pumping efficiency, and increase the risk of heart rhythm problems.
Severe, untreated regurgitation may also lead to breathlessness, fluid retention, or heart failure. Early detection and monitoring allow timely intervention to protect heart function and improve quality of life.
How is it treated?
Treatment depends on the severity of the leakage and its impact on heart function. Mild cases may be monitored with regular echocardiograms and lifestyle guidance. For more significant mitral regurgitation, treatment usually involves repairing or replacing the valve.
Surgical repair is often the preferred approach, but in selected patients, less invasive transcatheter procedures—such as mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair—can provide an effective alternative. Your cardiologist will recommend the most suitable option based on your overall health and the valve’s condition.
frequently asked questions
Can mitral regurgitation improve on its own?
No, mitral regurgitation usually does not improve naturally. Mild cases may be monitored, but significant leakage often requires repair or replacement to prevent long-term heart damage.
How is mitral regurgitation diagnosed?
It is diagnosed using an echocardiogram, which shows the degree of valve leakage and its effect on the heart. Additional tests, such as an ECG or MRI, may be used for further assessment.
When is treatment needed for mitral regurgitation?
Treatment is recommended if the leakage is moderate to severe or if the heart shows signs of strain. Valve repair or replacement, including minimally invasive options, can restore normal heart function.
Results and Next Steps
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